Abortion: What Is the Reaction of the Society Essay

In today’s society moral guidelines of society, are turning out to be more and increasingly defended. Premature births are turning into a dubious issue in the American culture. It ought to be bolstered in light of lady rights, assault and inbreeding and wellbeing in ladies that could be an actual existence and passing circumstance that they will be unable to convey their unborn infants to full term. To start with, also 1920 made a huge difference giving lady the option to cast a ballot and settle on their own decisions and choices. Lady currently have rights to have the option to get pregnant and not need to convey their infants to full term. Ladies likewise, can settle on decisions about their bodies and conceptive lives without having a law put on it. (Roe v. Swim 1). Furthermore, lady who has been assaulted ought to have a decision. The lady is experiencing enough pressure and injury. In this way, conveying a child for nine months is going to put a great deal of weight on the mother. It will separate her truly, intellectually and passionate. She just experienced horrendous demonstration of shameful acts. The lady would be helped to remember the submitted savagery against her that she won’t be in a decent perspective to deal with the youngster appropriately. In this way, that case premature birth will be the best choice. See more: Homelessness as a social issue Essay What's more, my better half was a survivor of rap and she has a girl who doesn’t live with her, however her grandma chose to take her in. My better half isn’t ready to deal with her little girl as she might want as well. The dad isn’t in the child’s life since she’s been conceived. Likewise, my sweetheart is making some hard memories figuring out how to disclose to her little girl who’s her dad and why he isn’t in her life. This is a case premature birth would be worthy. Third, a few ladies aren’t consistently that effective conveying their child to full term. The strength of the lady can make her need to end her pregnancy. It is extremely uncommon when premature birth is required to spare the mother’s life. At the point when two lives are compromised and just one can be spared, specialists should consistently spare that life. There are a lot more ways a lady that has medical issues that would need to end her pregnancy. For instance, a lady with HIV, a lady who’s on drugs extremely substantial, a STD that made the amino liquid break out and so forth. To finish up, premature birth is a dubious way it has its pro’s and con’s on how an individual ought to approach attempting to have a fetus removal. It’s a far reaching theme that can be supported by three fundamental regions, assault, the strength of the lady who’s not ready to keep their youngster full term, likewise ladies having rights and decisions about their own body. Numerous individuals today have their very own convictions on how premature birth ought to be utilized in today’s society.

Social Work Ethics and Values Conflict Management

Question: Examine about the Social Work for Ethics and Values Conflict Management. Answer: Presentation The calling of a social specialist is to help in the upgrade of the prosperity of the people living in a general public. It adds to the improvement of a superior way of life of people just as of society. It improves and causes the network to tackle different issues identified with their work life, proficient life, and individual life. Jamila is likewise a social laborer who works for a non-government association working for the government assistance of the network and the individuals related with it (Bonnycastle, 2012). She is managing a contention circumstance with his boss named Dan where he denies the legitimacy of the proposals she is making and the progressions she needs to make in the association really taking shape and execution of its next multi year plan. In this examination, the conversation fundamentally spins around the social morals and standards to be followed in an association and the approaches to deal with the contention that emerges between its individuals. Morals and estimations of Social work One of the potential reactions that Jamila can offer is to shield her proposition by raw numbers that bolsters her suggestions as it is a demonstrated way that helps in understanding the requirements of the network. It is commonly a first interesting point before taking part in any action and making arrangements for any sort of work and is an unobtrusive method to persuade the other colleagues that the recommendations made by her are of critical significance and will help in accomplishing the network objectives just as authoritative objectives (Carey, 2007). It is basic to take part in understanding the network needs with regards to work for CALD people group in any case the structure of the network will be in question and won't get any advantages from crafted by the association. For this situation, it will influence the network just as the association in general. Different results that will emerge out of this reaction will prompt a discussion whether to think of her as proposals or not founded on the realities gathered. It wipes out the odds of contentions and will keep up the relationship that exists between the colleagues. Thusly of settling an issue is a case of value-based authority hypothesis and will likewise help in arriving at a resolution concerning which recommendations must be thought of and which ones must be disposed of. It will likewise help in building up a character characteristic as culture and sexual orientation assume a crucial job that helps in the improvement of the character of a person. Thus, it is a positive way to deal with arrive at a choice (Pinnington, 2011). Another conceivable reaction to be given by Jamila can be the affirmation of Dans perspectives and looking for counsel from him as he is the person who is better than him and holds a place that originates from long periods of experience which can't be disregarded. This strategy bolsters the transformational hypothesis of authority which clarifies that collaboration and correspondence assumes a significant job in an association. It helps in making a strong connection between the pioneers and the devotees and furthermore empowers the sound and cool condition inside an association which is fundamental for compelling and smooth working of an association. Then again, it is likewise a duty of a social specialist to keep up concordance and harmony in the working environment and all the while remembering the nobility and skill esteem (Kendon, 2001). The job of intensity relations additionally has a significant influence in a working network and as Dan is predominant in this game, he has the most extreme force with regards to age, sexual orientation, status, and culture. Along these lines, thusly of reaction is generally the most ideal way that can take care of the issue and the difficulties Jamila is confronting. One of the potential activities that Jamila can perform could be that she advances with her thoughts with full energy and enthusiasm and restrict Dan with a similar power. This reaction isn't commonly satisfactory when a group is associated with arranging board of trustees as this prompts the undesirable circumstances of contention. It might likewise happen that the thoughts she is recommending could be of more prominent advantage to the association as the hypothesis of possibility initiative proposes that a pioneer can perform at greatest levels in specific circumstances while in another he/she may give insignificant execution. It totally relies on the authority style and conduct of a person. In the event that Jamila picks this specific method of reacting to this circumstance, it may make a kios and conflicts which will upset the work and reason for which the association is shaped and needs to perform (Pasini, 2015). Along these lines of reaction will prompt damaging clash as oppose d to giving an answer for the issue and will bring about influencing feelings, qualities, and standards of the association just as of the individuals concerned. It will influence the relationship of the association to its locale and the necessities of network individuals will be neglected, which ought to be of earlier significance for an association and it will likewise make a terrible affinity of the association and shows the absence of co-activity and comprehension among the individuals inside the organization. The individuals from a non-government association, particularly social laborers has certain morals that they ought to follow as they are intended for aiding and taking care of others issues not to carry on in impolite and harsh way and making circumstances of contention inside its association (Nadan, 2014). Another methodology by Jamila in this circumstance can be of impacting other colleagues out of the arranging gatherings. She can attempt to arrive at each colleague included with the goal that she can persuade them to examine her recommendations and to give a hand to the help. This strategy for work can influence the fitness estimation of the hard working attitudes which portrays that an individual working for an association should rehearse in his/her field of aptitude not to distort his/her abilities and capacities to stretch and move beyond. Along these lines of doing things will likewise influence different other moral standards like respectability, genuineness, human relationship, and other significant qualities and will hurt the set of principles of an organization (Dion, 2012). Shaping a correspondence procedure while filling in as a social laborer is a significant concern and it is basic to take note of that how a data is seen, comprehended, introduced, and broke down. This go es under old style hypotheses of correspondence. It is essential to make each colleague comprehend the estimation of ones assessments and recommendations and to dissect each component of a correspondence hypothesis for example sender, channel, beneficiary, goal, criticism, and so forth. Jamila should stay away from miscommunication and loss of time, rather she should embrace some successful measures to amplify inspiration and demonstrating the estimation of her recommendations (Berger, 2005). As I would like to think, Jamila ought to recognize Dans perspective and look for counsel from him as how she should advance in this specific circumstance as this is the best way to deal with arrive at a determination and to settle on a choice helpful for both the network just as the association. Then again, it will likewise help in keeping up moral qualities and set of principles inside an association and support the harmony condition inside the organization. End Watching the entire circumstance and the remembering the status and states of both the gatherings just as thinking about the job of the network and the association, it is significant for the individuals from the association to work adhering to the ordinary measures and standards and comprehend the set of principles and morals which assume a basic job in any sort of calling (Mansbach and Kaufman, 2003). The requirements of the network ought to be kept at need rather than the individual clashes that emerges inside the individuals who work for it. It is the obligation and duty of the individuals to keep up amicability and harmony inside an association and gives assistance and backing to the general public by building up a solid domain for all to work in light of co-activity keeping the assessments of every single individual concerned. Accordingly, it is imperative to note and think about every single factor earlier creation any choices for the network and the association (Fellner, 2006) . References Berger, B. (2005). Control Over, Power With, and Power to Relations: Critical Reflections on Public Relations, the Dominant Coalition, and Activism.Journal of Public Relations Research, 17(1), pp.5-28. Bonnycastle, C. (2012). Social Work in Rural Communities (fifth edn).Social Work Education, 31(8), pp.1109-1110. Carey, M. (2007). Some Ethical Dilemmas for Agency Social Workers.Ethics and Social Welfare, 1(3), pp.342-347. Dion, M. (2012). Are moral speculations important for moral leadership?.Leadership Organization Development Journal, 33(1), pp.4-24. Fellner, I. (2006). Improving Social Work.Social Work, 51(1), pp.93-93. Kendon, A. (2001). Motion as correspondence strategy.Semiotica, 2001(135). Mansbach, A. what's more, Kaufman, R. (2003). Moral Decision-Making of Social Workers' Associations: A Case Study of the Israeli Association of Social Workers' Responses to Whistle-Blowing.International Social Work, 46(3), pp.303-312. Nadan, Y. (2014). Reevaluating 'social fitness' in global social work.International Social Work. Pasini, A. (2015). How to use sound judgment? Moral points of view managing social specialists moral reasoning.Social Work Education, 35(4), pp.377-386. Pinnington, A. (2011). Administration advancement: Applying a similar initiative hypotheses and improvement practices to various contexts?.Leadership, 7(3), pp.335-365.

Design Literature for Study of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia - 825 Words

Research Design Literature for Study of Diabetes in Saudi Arabia (Research Paper Sample) Content: Research Design LiteratureNameInstitutionResearch Design LiteratureOverview of Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi ArabiaDiabetes has become a major metabolic disorder affecting the majority of the countries in the world. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and ineffective function of insulin in the body. The disease is chronic and has no cure but with proper treatment and management, diabetics can lead a normal life. Saudi Arabia is one of the republics in the world with the highest number of diabetics. Studies show that by 2010, about 16.8 % of the population was made up of diabetics (Al Khudairy et al., 2012). This is alarming compared to 10% in the United States, 7.8% in India and 4.2 % in China. In the Saudi Arabia Kingdom, diabetes contributes to 5.16% to the death causes (Alhowaish, 2013). This is about 4,151 deaths that were reported last year. The kingdom has utilized a lot of money in the management of the disease with reports indicating an overwhelming SAR 3 0 billion per year in treating diabetes (Alhowaish, 2013). Indeed, 98% of the medical expenditure in the country is used in the management of diabetes. The trend indicates the need for improved education for education programs of adults of Type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. In a randomized control trial to study the effects of an education program on low-intensive lifestyle, a study established that the patients were able to reduce the waist circumference as well relevant weight loss (Heideman et al., 2014). The diabetes prevention education programs showed a decrease of 4.33cm on the waist circumference and a decrease of systolic blood pressure by 8.77mmHg.Also, a systematic literature review in Saudi Arabia to determine the efficiency of self-management training on adults of type 2 diabetes was carried out (Alhaiti et al., 2015). The results showed that educational programs had the capacity to promote self-care management among the adults of type 2 diabetes. The multidimensional na ture type 2 diabetes was also shown to be impacted by diabetes education. This was through a study on the influence of type 2 diabetes education among other factors in reducing the glycemic control in patients (Yin et al., 2015). The results showed that there was an association between the lack of education and persistent poor glycemic control in type 2 adult patients. Individualized education programs on adults of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia during Ramadan showed that the diabetic patients could be educated on the best way to lose weight in a safer way (McEwen et al., 2015). The study that involved 515 participants showed that it was possible to reduce the hypoglycemic events in Ramadan with the provision of the right education. A pilot study on the outcomes of an educational program of type 2 diabetes on cultural contexts of Saudi Arabian women showed an improvement in their lifestyle and health behaviors (Al-bannay et al., 2015). The study targeted the Saudi Arabian women due to the higher prevalence of obesity as compared to men. The pilot study tied the education programs to the cultures and religion of the targeted groups (Al-Bannay et al., 2015). The educational programs were based on groups support groups as well as participatory discussions on issues in diabetes. Similarly, a study in Saudi Arabia on the impact of online health information of type 2 diabetes on self-care activities indicated that the media played a role in educating the patients (Jamal et al., 2015). The cross-sectional study showed that the patients who sought health-related on online platforms had a higher chance of maintaining their health (Jamal et al., 2015).Education programs have also been shown to decrease the anxiety and depression among type 2 adult patients as well as increased adherence to medication and self-care. A prospective study piloted among 104 patients at a hospice in Saudi Arabia showed better outcomes in adults of type 2 diabetes patients (Al Hayek et al., 2013). The results indicated that the education programs led to improved dietary plans and adherence to drugs among the patients. The educational materials used were also designed to include the local language that could be easily understood by the patients. The significant improvement of the patients under the education program showed its efficacy among patients (Al Hayek et al., 2013). In another randomized controlled trial, it was evident that the combination of self-management education and mindful eating habits resulted in managing type 2 diabetes (Miller et al., 2014). The study showed significant improvement in outcome expectations and nutrition among the diabetic patients. The evidence provided through the literature in Saudi Arabia show the efficacy of education programs in influencing type 2 diabetes among the patients. The use of several designs in the literature has showed the influence of different combinations of the educational programs that make the influence signifi cant. Indeed, a combination of different education programs including awareness campaigns, availability of pamphlets, journals, media prompts as well as online information has proved to be effective in managing diabetes. The use of other interventions in the management of diabetes has proven to have reduced effectiveness in lowering the risk factors of type 2 diabetes. There is, therefore, need for novel research designs and best educational programs to apply in Saudi Arabia in assuring improvement in the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. ReferencesAl Hayek, A. A., Robert, A. A., Al Dawish, M. A., Zamzami, M. M., Sam, A. E., Alzaid, A. A. (2013). The impact of an education program on patient anxiety, depression, glycemic control, and adherence to self-care and medication in Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 20(2), 77.Al Khudairy, L., Rees, K., Kumar, S., Al-Da...

Problems with Names

Complaining about the names authors give to their characters may seem to be a little silly – after all, they are the authors, it’s their decision, it is probably based on something and has some purpose – but it wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that lots and lots of writers could have done much better if they actually asked somebody what they think about their idea of calling a character in this particular way. Yes, it may have seemed like an extremely clever idea to call them Go (Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn) or Seldom (The Oxford Murders by Guillermo Martinez), but it just reads and sounds awful without actually adding anything to the meaning. The reasons for weird and outright poor choice of names are numerous and depend on the author. Sometimes they create a character from a culture foreign to them without bothering to learn a little bit about their naming conventions or at least ask somebody belonging to this culture to give an example of a plausible name, which results in all kinds of weirdness, like Gahalowood (presumably American) or Ushakovo (presumably Russian surname). Sometimes it’s not the author’s fault – the name simply changes its connotations in the course of time. It may (especially if it is a diminutive form) gain a meaning of its own; bonus points if this meaning is funny or distracting (cringe-inducing Panty derived from Anthea inn Five Children by E. Nesbit). Or it may have acquired a different coloring after all these years. For example, when Charlotte Bronte named her main heroine of her eponymous novel Shirley, it was a rather rare and, what is more important, male name. It was not unintentional – she has many clearly masculine qualities; but today Shirley has a much more feminine sound about it, which deletes the initial intent of the author. Dora and Noel from Murdoch’s The Bell were the names of young energetic people – but they are not perceived as such anymore. Sometimes problems occur with translation. If naming conventions in the culture of the original are too different from Anglo-Saxon ones we are in for a lot of fun trying to distinguish between full and diminutive forms, different variants of address and so on. Russian Zhenya and Volodya sound nothing like Eugeni and Vladimir, immediately understandable for Russian readers and completely obscure for those unfamiliar with them. Sometimes translators go as far as to change the names altogether – either to avoid a too-foreign name that will be hard to remember or in case the original name sounds funny or even obscene in the target language. But at times this decision is hard to justify. For example, in one of the first English translations of Astrid Lindgren’s Ronia the Robber’s Daughter the eponymous Ronia was for reasons unknowable renamed into Kirsty. So, the names always were and still are a great part of any work of fiction, and writers shouldn’t leave them to chance. The name should reflect the character’s personality and play its own role. It shouldn’t be given in a hurry.

Exploring Evidence Based Practice And Practice Essay

Title Page Module Code 130OT Module Title Exploring Evidence to Enhance Learning and Practice Assignment details Drawing on a range of evidence discuss how different types of research can be used to support practice. 1500 words  ± 10% Word count 1647 Contents Introduction 2 Quantitative Data 3 Qualitative Data 4 Systematic Reviews 5 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction This piece of work will be exploring the different forms of research and their significance in the evidence-based practice. What is research? Due to the evolving nature of occupational therapy, much of the work in this field is grounded in evidence-based practice. It is imperative, for those seeking a career in Occupational Therapy and those currently in the profession, to have a clear understanding of research methodology in order to work ethically and effectively when carrying out their research. This will lead to the better quality approach of care for the clients. What is evidence Based Practice (EBP)? EBP is â€Å"the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.† (Sackett D, 1996) EBP is the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best research evidence into the decision-making process for patient care. Clinical expertise refers to theShow MoreRelatedThe Doctor Of Nursing Practice ( Dnp ) Program762 Words   |  4 PagesSince the capstone project started early on beginning of the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program, I was able to discuss and work personally with Dr. Spicer as my practice mentor in selecting the appropriate topic for my project. Dr. Spicer was very involved in choosing my second option for new capstone project # 1 related to simulation lab and faculty teaching and learning. The patient simulation laboratory (SIM lab) uses sta te-of-the-art equipment that provides students and faculty with theRead MoreBecoming A Registered Nurse As A Nurse881 Words   |  4 Pagestraining and interaction with students. As a result, I recently completed my Master of Science in Health Administration (MSHA) and pursued my lifelong goal of pursuing my Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). As I venture into this DNP journey as a student, I believe that I will gain more knowledge about evidence-based practice. I can be an expert faculty with varied areas of expertise that is required to carry out the educational teaching to students that would help me qualify me further to teach in additionRead MoreNurses Perception Towards Evidence-Based Practice: A Descriptive Study900 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿EBP article review: Nurses perception towards evidence-based practice: A descriptive study According to the article, Nurses perception towards evidence-based practice: A descriptive study, while evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered the gold standard in evaluating nursing processes, significant practice gaps have been identified in nursing implantation of EBP. The article chronicles a study involving a survey of 1,144 registered nurses (RNs) nurses working at a Singapore hospital whichRead MoreDevelopment Of Professional Nursing For Registered Nurses1626 Words   |  7 Pagesjourney in obtaining a Baccalaureate in Nursing; â€Å"Baccalaureate programs emphasize evidence-based clinical practice and leadership through coursework that includes research, statistics, population-based care, nursing management, and the humanities† (Haverkamp, Ball, 2013). Through interactive discussion posts and essay assignments involving nursing theories, concepts, ethics, and the benefits of evidence-based practice we discovered the significance of the five essential elements of the nursing professionRead MoreThe Field of Social Work and Evidence-Based-Practice773 Words   |  4 Pageson to say: that there is a need for some sort of feedback process where the fit between the practice needs and the effectiveness of the intervention are actually studied. However it is all too common for social work practice and research to be carried out ‘in silo’ form â€Å"where the EBP processes are followed up, evaluated, and connected too rarely† (Cnaan Dichter, 2008 p. 289). Others call for a practice that is informed by both practitioner and by EBP research and disagree that the transfer ofRead MoreThe Current Model Of Postnatal Care Provision1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthese findings and proposed how an adequate level of service provision can be achieved, as getting the postnatal period right is crucial to future maternal and child well-being. Furthermore, three of the four studies critiqued within this theme exploring how the current model of postnatal care that midwives provide to women and their families influences the quality of the perineal care that is provided, were all in agreement in their conclusions, suggesting that the current model of postnatal servicesRead MoreReevidence-Based Nursing Management1079 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization and as a result lead to nursing shortage which make the problem more serve, and call for immediate action.Thus,both of the researchers worked extensively tryig to find asolution and finally come out with a p roposed pilot study in utilizing evidence-based nursing management and evaluate its practical effects in improving the levels of both job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to leave among nurses in Turkey.There are a great deal of strenghths which show how well the authorsRead MoreThe Beliefs That A Nursing Profession1687 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction It is been a practice for nurses to use Evidence Based Research in every procedure to be performed in patients. In short, it is been the first thing to do in every procedure. This paper will discuss two beliefs that a nursing profession should be aware of. First, is â€Å"evidenced based practice† if nurses do apply all research upon providing care to residents. Secondly, is â€Å"Therapeutic Nurse and Patient relationship†, if nurses is using such evidence practice when interacting with patientsRead MoreMethods to Improve Sleep and Rest in the Hospital956 Words   |  4 Pages this shows the hospital environment is not one that promotes sleep and rest. There is renewed interest in exploring the best nonpharmacological methods of helping achieve sleep and rest while in the hospital to promote healing (Robinson, Weitzel, Henderson, 2005). Evidence-Based Practice As nurses frequently interact with the patients, they are the ones exploring evidence-based practice to identify ways to modify the hospital environment and use more nonpharmacological methods to promote sleepRead MoreNursing: Questions and Answers778 Words   |  3 Pagesbusy orthopedic ward and notice that many of the patients (mostly women) following Total Hip Replacement (THR) surgery are found to have developed a urinary tract infection when their catheter was removed in the post-operative period. Using the evidence-based approach, my direction would be to use the PICO model (Hoffman et al, 2010) and phrase the question in various ways. I may for instance ask myself the following: Population: How common is CAUTI following total hip replacement (THR) surgery. Are

Music Therapy Healthcare Intervention

Question: Discuss about theMusic Therapy for Healthcare Intervention. Answer: Music Therapy in a Criminal Setting Music therapy refers to a healthcare intervention in which music therapists apply the use of medically approved music in delivering care to the patients. For quality delivery, the music therapists should be well trained and licensed by the relevant authorities. Music therapy is not an alternative form of medicine, but a multidimensional intervention suitable for a wide range of patients including prisoners, students, or mentally-ill patients of all ages (Chen, Leith, Aar, Manger Gold 2016). This is necessary because music therapy has been found to be an effective expressive therapy that has been playing a significant role in safeguarding the patients mental, social and physical needs. When delivering music therapies, a therapy can organize for individual or group sessions in which the patients are expected to participate by singing, listening, dancing, or playing instruments that are of interest to them. During individual therapy, each patient is given an opportunity to rely on the therapist to learn the expected skills (Loewy, Stewart, Dassler, Telsey Homel 2013). On the other hand, group therapy is designed to serve certain groups of patients who are expected to be guided by a therapist in using music to meet identified needs. Evidence shows that the use of music therapy in the prisons has been so successful. Its use in the criminal settings has helped in helping the inmates to deal with many challenges that affect them on day-to-day basis thanks to the efforts of music therapists who have been guided by the principle of professionalism and prioritized the interests of the patients in discharging their duties. Effectiveness Research has established that music therapy can be quite effective in the criminal setting. For very years, music therapy has been a popular intervention in many prisons. Its use has been receiving much support because of the following benefits: First, music therapy has been playing a significant role in enabling the prisoners to reduce stress. It is a common knowledge that prisoners are ordinary people who have been thrown into jail for one reason or the other. The conditions of living, treatment, type of food eaten, seclusion, and isolation from their family members and friends cause a lot of stress to the prisoners. Very many inmates get depressed because they are deprived of the fundamental rights such as freedom of movement, speech, and association that are guaranteed by the constitution. Therefore, to help the inmates address such stressful feelings; they can be offered a music therapy (Ueda, Suzukamo, Sato Izumi 2013). As an entertaining intervention, music therapy can make it much easier for the inmates to minimize the rate of stress. This is why it has been in use in many prisons in which the inmates are expected to forget about their worries and accept to lead a stress-free life just like the rest of the people in the society. The relieving of stress can be a major milestone in the rehabilitation of inmates. Once they are freed from the yoke of trauma, the inmates can get to identify the realities of life, gain self-awareness and acceptance. Secondly, music therapy can be effective in the prison setting because it can give the inmates an opportunity to eradicate the problem of loneliness. Loneliness is a reality that many prisoners have to reckon with. Although all prisoners feel lonely, the degree of loneliness may worsen depending on the type of sentence a prisoner is serving. Offenders convicted for capital offenses such as murder, robbery with violence and terrorism might be put in isolation. This can make them to be lonely hopeless inmates who feel that they are not needed in the society. Indeed, such a challenge of loneliness can be addressed by using music therapy. When the therapists opt for a group music therapy, the inmates can come together and enjoy the therapy as a group (Ueda, Suzukamo, Sato Izumi 2013). This can enable them to interact with one another, build cordial relationships with the therapists and fellow inmates as they get to sing and listen to sweet melodious songs of their choice. However, if le ft to wallow in perpetual loneliness, the inmates lose their social skills and end up becoming antisocial people who can no longer cope up with life out of prison. Thirdly, music therapy can be of great value in the prisons because it can help in addressing the problem of addiction. Despite the fact that not all inmates are jailed for drug abuse, research has revealed that a large number of inmates are battling addiction. Meaning, addiction is one of the major challenges that the prison officers are expected to deal with. Prison setting can make inmates vulnerable to drug addiction because it provides a platform for addicts to interact with non-drug users who might end up getting swayed to drug abuse even after the end of the jail terms (Bunt Hoskyns 2013). One of the proven ways to address addiction is by offering a well organized music therapy. Both individual and group music therapies can be invaluable assets in fighting drug addiction in the prison. Individual and group music therapies can give the inmate a chance to relax, get sensitized, and feel relieved. Through this, the inmates can get to know the dangers of drug addiction and the po ssible ways of stopping drug use. However, this can only be accomplished if the therapist organizes for a one-on-one session with the inmates and allows them to relax, enjoy music and meditate about the imminent challenge of drug addiction that has been troubling their lives. In addition, music therapy, if properly utilized in the prison setting, can play a significant role in assisting the inmates to boost their emotional healings. A large number of prisoners do not have normal emotional feelings. It has been established that many prisoners do not cooperate because of the emotional challenges. Some of them find it hard to freely interact with their colleagues and prison officers because of their temperament (Zhou, Li, Li, Liu, Dang, Wang Xin 2015). Highly emotional inmates are likely to physically or otherwise harm their fellow inmates or prison officers. Therefore, one intervention to use in dealing with this problem is music intervention. By 0rgaizing for periodical and well coordinated music therapy sessions, the inmates can be empowered to be in control over their emotions. Through the support of the therapists, the inmates can rely on music to know everything about emotion, its control and management. For example, when given a chance to listen to s oothing songs of their preference, the inmates can learn to be in control of the moods and thus refrain from habits that can make them to be emotionally-disturbed persons. Moreover, music therapy can be effective in correcting the behaviors of the inmates. When treating the inmates, the therapists do not only use music to entertain, but to instill acceptable and standard codes of behavior expected by the society. When a proper choice of the songs is done, inmates can get to learn about teachings on how to conduct themselves. Here, the inmates get to learn about virtues, manners, conducts and attributes to possess. In fact, music therapy can go a notch higher by enabling the inmates to listen to religious songs that can give them the necessary spiritual connection (Gold, Assmus, Hjrnevik, Qvale, Brown, Hansen, Waage Stige 2014). Once this goal is achieved, the inmates can be effectively rehabilitated to be useful people whose conducts are accepted because they are in conformity to the expected standards. It is because of this reason that music therapy can be relied upon for correcting the behavior of the inmates by making them to be accepted by others. No one can be qualified as reformed if they cannot demonstrate any form of behavior change in conformity to the societal standards. Last, but not least, music therapy can be a valuable tool in addressing the issues of the inmates cognitive development. Apart from helping the inmates to address their physical and social needs, music therapy can be a trusted tool in managing the mental development of the prisoners. The prevalence of mental illnesses has become so prevalent in the prisons since even sane inmates are highly vulnerable to mental disorders (Ueda, Suzukamo, Sato Izumi 2013). The hardships faced by the inmates definitely expose them to mental distresses. This is why experts argue that prison life makes it inevitable for the inmates to experience serious mental disorders like schizophrenia which require serious standard treatment that always lacks in the prisons. Therefore, one effective way of dealing with such challenges is providing a continuous one-on-one group and individual music therapy to the inmates. Music therapy has a relaxation and entertaining capabilities that makes it appropriate for meeti ng the inmates mental health. Methodologies Music therapy is one of the evidence-based interventions in the contemporary society. Its se has been proven to be useful in different settings. Apart from greatly contributing to the treatment of patients at the healthcare facilities, music therapy has been relied upon to address the needs of criminals. However, to be effective in reforming the inmates, music intervention has to be delivered by highly trained and experienced music therapies (Luik 2016). At the same time, there should be a proper choice of the methodology, model and approach to be adopted. However, this should be dictated by many factors such as the nature of the inmates and the level of needs which of course differ from one person to another. Individual Music Therapy For a very long time, music therapists have been engaged in delivering individual-based interventions to the inmates. Here, music therapy sessions are organized and provided to each prisoner. Individual music therapy is preferred because it treats each inmate as a unique person who has diverse needs to address. Therefore, the music therapists create enough time to design music sessions that suit them. Individual sessions can present a therapist with an ample opportunity to equip the inmates with effective social, motor, recreational, communication, and self-expression skills (Luik 2016). These are indeed capabilities that if acquired by the inmates, can enable them to reform and be in the right path of leading an acceptable life. Despite the length of the jail term one is serving, all inmates are expected to reform and go back to the society and lead a meaningful life. This is actually what music therapy can be preparing them during the entire period in the prisons. In order to successfully deliver individual music therapy, the sessions should be properly designed to suit each target client. After acknowledged individual differences in the inmates to be treated, the therapist should carry out extensive research t identify the most appropriate strategy to adopt. Meaning, the individual sessions should be as flexible as possible. To achieve this, the therapist might have to apply behavioral and cognitive models appropriate for each inmate. This is the only way through which the inmates can reap optimal benefit from the sessions. The therapist should provide a conducive and accommodative environment to enable the inmates to enjoy music by actively engaging in a series of activities (Bunt Hoskyns 2013). So, apart from listening to music during the sessions, individual inmates should also sing, analyze song lyrics, dance, write songs, and participate in playing entertaining and thought-provoking musical instruments like guitar, and piano. All in all, music therapy is a better alternative to be relied upon in addressing the plight of the prisoners. Just in the healthcare setting, criminal institutions whose main responsibility is to rehabilitate convicted criminals can greatly benefit from music therapy. If appropriately utilized, music therapy can help the inmates to regain the lost identity and be in the right path of attaining a quality life. Prison life is more challenging than a civilian life in a free society in which everyone is free to exercise their freedom without any form of restriction (Bunt Stige 2014). Apart from losing their freedom, inmates battle a series of mental disorders such as addiction, and trauma. All these are quite disturbing because they can make it hard for the inmate to cope up as expected. It is for this reason that music therapists utilize their time to professionally-handle inmates, to boost their communication, social skills, self-awareness and personal development as they prepare for a life after the prison. Group Music Therapy Apart from organizing for individual music sessions, a therapist can adopt a group intervention in which the clients are divided into different groups based on their characteristics and needs. After the creation of groups, the therapist should go ahead to design music therapy sessions for each of them. From here, the therapist should be ready to start delivering quality interventions by allowing the inmates to listen to music, dance, meditate, compose songs and play musical instruments to help them in acquiring the necessary cognitive, motor, and social skills to enable them cope up with the challenges facing them in the prison. The active involvement of inmates in group therapy can be enhanced by the playing of background music, availing devices like iPods or inviting reputable musicians to perform live before the inmates (Odell-Miller 2016). Once all these are effectively done, no inmate can feel left out because through such sessions, they get a chance to enjoy, relax and get sway ed away from depression and become socially-active. Research has proven that individual music therapy can be a fruitful intervention in the society. By offering a relaxing and entertaining scenario, group therapy can play a significant role in relieving the inmates unnecessary stressful and traumatizing feelings they might have. At the same time, since it creates a platform for many inmates to be together, it can boost the social interaction skills as well as eradicate the problem of loneliness that might has been proven to be posing a great challenge to the inmates (Gold, Assmus, Hjrnevik, Qvale, Brown, Hansen, Waage Stige 2014). With a proper application of music therapy, this will become a thing of the past because inmates will no longer spend time worrying in seclusion, but come together to learn, get entertained, rehearse and share roles with one another. If properly utilized, group music therapy can be a very important strategy in enabling the inmates to be mentally, socially and physically healthy as well as be in the right pa th of adopting a crime-free life. In a nutshell, music therapy can be of great value if delivered by trained and experienced music therapists. It is only such specialists who have a deeper understanding of the individual needs that should be met while the inmates are serving their jail terms. The other important determinant in the success of music therapy is the choice of intervention strategy. Basically, the therapist should deliver individual or group-based interventions in which the sessions are designed to suit respective target clients (Zhou, Li, Li, Liu, Dang, Wang Xin 2015). Each of these strategies is good because, if properly used, they can help in meeting the diverse needs of the inmates. Whereas individual interventions should be designed for each inmate, group therapy should be developed and tailored towards meeting needs of group of inmates whose plights can be effectively addressed using music. Whichever strategy applied, the therapist should divide the therapy into short sessions in which the inmates are guided to continuously listen to, sing along, compose songs and play musical instruments. Music Database Access all music here: https://www.umdmusic.com/default.asp?Lang=EnglishSearch=popWhere=Bands Reflective Journal A systematic review was conducted to review available resources on the effectiveness of music therapy in a prison setting. To do this, the researcher had to formulate all the relevant search words to use. The most relevant search words used are music therapy, music, therapy, prison setting, prison, setting, mental illnesses, stress, trauma and social interactions (Tuastad O'Grady 2013). After entering these words, a total of 113 results were found. These were gotten from many sources including International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, American Journal of Psychiatry, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Australasian Psychiatry, European Psychiatry, International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Evidence-Based Mental Health, and Current Psychiatry Reports. After considering the exclusion and inclusion criterion, decision was made to settle on Music Therapy for Prisoners: Pilot Randomised controlled Trial and Implications for Evaluating Psychosocial Interventions. Music Therapy for Prisoners: Pilot Randomised controlled Trial and Implications for Evaluating Psychosocial Interventions is an article that that was authored by Jrg Assmus, Christian Gold, Fiona Kirkwood Brown, Kjetil Hjrnevik, Leif Waage, Brynjulf Stige, Anita Lill Hansen and Liv Gunnhild Qvale and published by the International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology in December 2014. Here, the scholars present a research on a project carried on prisoners. The research was conducted in 2 phases. During Phase One, a cohort study was performed at a prison. After serious deliberations, the researchers opted for Bjrgvin, a Bergen-based minimum security prison. During the second phase of the project that was of course conducted in the same institution between January 2010 and December 2012 the researchers targeted a total number of 180 participants. The main objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of music therapy in the addressing mental health challenges affecting inmates in a prison setting. From previous researches, it has been established that mental health has been a major issue of concern in prisoners (Gutgsell, Schluchter, Margevicius, DeGolia, McLaughlin, Harris, Mecklenburg Wiencek 2013). Therefore, to address it, researchers and specialists have to look for the best alternative intervention in the market. One such intervention is the music therapy that is linked to the reduction of mental illnesses as well as helping to facilitate the rehabilitation o f inmates. To adequately respond to the research question, the researchers resorted to the use of Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in which the inmates were given an opportunity to randomly participate in the trial. Out of the total prison population, 113 inmates accepted to participate in the trial. So, they were subjected to music therapy sessions to measure the effects of music intervention in the boosting of life satisfaction, social interactions and reduction of anxiety, and depression (Wigram, Saperston West 2013). The changes in these factors were measured at the baseline and periodically fortnightly during the first, third and sixth months. However, for better results, the researchers involved two different groups of participants: the experimental and control groups. Each of these groups played a significant role in determining the extent of the impacts of music therapy on the inmates. The whole project was fully funded by a collaborative between different organizations: Helse Bergen (Regional Security Department, Division of Psychiatry), Uni helse (GAMUT), Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, Kriminalomsorgen region vest (Bjrgvin prison), and the University of Bergen (Department of Psychology). The overall finding was that music therapy has a potential to reduce stress, anxiety and improve social skills as well as the quality of life for the (mentally-ill) inmates. For example, when the results were analyzed, it was established that (d = 0.33, p = .025) of the participants reported a reduction in the level of anxiety within 2 weeks (Chu, Yang, Lin, Ou, Lee, O'Brien Chou 2013). Significance The project was initiated and heavily funded because of the significant contributions it has in public health. As clearly stated in the research problem, the issue of mental illness has been a great challenge amongst the prisoners. So, the researchers had to dedicate their time to effectively conduct the Randomized Control Trial to determine the significance of music therapy in addressing mental health. The concept of Randomized Control Trial can be a brilliant idea if applied in psychiatry. It is one of the best intervention strategies to be applied in conducting extensive studies on various issues of public health concern. The way in which the researchers randomly choose participants and gave them freedom to voluntarily participate in the research can be so effective if replicated (McDermott, Crellin, Ridder Orrell 2013). When applied in public health, the strategy can play a significant role in ensuring that appropriate participants are identified and included in a research work. In this case, it can be possible to carry out a research that can be of public good. The other important concept from this project is about the choice of the setting, general design and the use of comparison condition during the project. As demonstrated in this research, the effectiveness of a clinical intervention can be established if the project is based in the appropriate setting. For instance, in this situation, Bjrgvin was suitable because it is a minimum security prison in which inmates have been incarcerated. At the same time, the inclusion of the experimental and control group can be appropriate in carrying out research studies. It can give the researcher a chance to conduct a study and be able to compare the changes realized in subsequent studies done after the baseline research. Lastly, the project provided insightful information on the roles of music therapy in the life of prisoners. It acts a reference point for professionals who are interested in conducting more research to find out if actually music can be an appropriate intervention in a criminal setting (Luik 2016). It can also equip one with adequate information on how to conduct such studies and get to know about the challenges involved and what measures to take to eradicate them. All these concepts can play a very significant role in conducting future researches on different public health topics in which a research-based intervention can be necessary. References Bunt, L. Hoskyns, S., 2013. The handbook of music therapy. Routledge: London. Bunt, L. Stige, B., 2014. Music therapy: An art beyond words. Routledge: London. Chen, X.J., Leith, H., Aar, L.E., Manger, T. and Gold, C., 2016. Music therapy for improving mental health problems of offenders in correctional settings: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, pp.1-20. Chu, H., Yang, C.Y., Lin, Y., Ou, K.L., Lee, T.Y., O'Brien, A.P. Chou, K.R., 2013. The impact of group music therapy on depression and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: a randomized controlled study. Biological research for Nursing, p.1099800413485410. Gold, C., Assmus, J., Hjrnevik, K., Qvale, L.G., Brown, F.K., Hansen, A.L., Waage, L. and Stige, B., 2014. Music Therapy for Prisoners Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial and Implications for Evaluating Psychosocial Interventions. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(12), pp.1520-1539. Gutgsell, K.J., Schluchter, M., Margevicius, S., DeGolia, P.A., McLaughlin, B., Harris, M., Mecklenburg, J. and Wiencek, C., 2013. Music therapy reduces pain in palliative care patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 45(5), pp.822-831. Loewy, J., Stewart, K., Dassler, A.M., Telsey, A. Homel, P., 2013. The effects of music therapy on vital signs, feeding, and sleep in premature infants. Pediatrics, 131(5), pp.902-918. Luik, M., 2016. Group music therapy program for recidivous inmates in prison. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 25(sup1), pp.44-44. McDermott, O., Crellin, N., Ridder, H.M. Orrell, M., 2013. Music therapy in dementia: a narrative synthesis systematic review. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 28(8), pp.781-794. Odell-Miller, H., 2016. The Future of Music Therapy in Forensic and Criminal Justice Settings. Helen Odell-Miller. ENVISIONING THE FUTURE OF MUSIC THERAPY, p.53. Tuastad, L. O'Grady, L., 2013. Music therapy inside and outside prisonA freedom practice?. Nordic journal of music therapy, 22(3), pp.210-232. Ueda, T., Suzukamo, Y., Sato, M. Izumi, S.I., 2013. Effects of music therapy on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing research reviews, 12(2), pp.628-641. Wigram, T., Saperston, B. West, R., 2013. Art science of music therapy: A handbook. Routledge: London. Zhou, K., Li, X., Li, J., Liu, M., Dang, S., Wang, D. Xin, X., 2015. A clinical randomized controlled trial of music therapy and progressive muscle relaxation training in female breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy: Results on depression, anxiety and length of hospital stay. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 19(1), pp.54-59.

Manganese Essays - Manganese, Spiegeleisen, Ferromanganese

Manganese Hi, I am Manganese. I am an element discovered in 1774 by the Swedish chemist Johan Gottlieb Gahn. My symbol was devised, coincidentally, by taking the first and third letters in the word manganese. My atomic number is 25, my atomic mass is 54.938, and my density is 7.2. I melt at 1245? C and then in turn I boil at 1962? C. A fact about my ionization energy currently escapes me, but I do have some uses and interesting facts in the rest of the paper. I am used as an antioxidant nutrient, I activate important enzymes that are needed in digestion, and I am the 12th most abundant element in the earth's crust. And now I will switch into a third person perspective because I am bored of talking in the first. Manganese is a silvery, brittle metallic element that is used to strengthen alloys with armor. Manganese metal corrodes in moist air and dissolves in acid. Pure manganese can be obtained by electrolyzing manganese sulfate or by igniting pyrolusite. The free state of the metal only occurs in meteors, but it is found in ores all over the earth, predominantly in Ukraine, Georgia, and South Africa. The alloys which are made with manganese are usually used in steelmaking, are ferromanganese, and spiegeleisen. Manganese dioxide (pyrolusite) is used in dry-cell batteries, paint, varnish oils, coloring glass, ceramics, and in preparing chlorine and iodine. Other forms of manganese are used as oxidizers, disinfectants, and as a depolarizer.